Thesis Proposal on The Economic and Financial Implication of Online Banking in Emerging Markets

Introduction: Achieving sound financial condition is a major focus for many organizations as it is through continual buying from customers that an organization can grow. Online banking has been identified as an effective strategy of achieving customer loyalty by delivering the best service or quality product in the banking sector. It is however worth noting that very little research has been conducted on application of online banking in the banking sector across the globe with the changing time. E-Banking or online banking seeks to produce quality the first time saves time that is often wasted on correcting mistakes hence can be used by banks to deliver timely services and in the process help build customer loyalty. This study seeks to investigate the effect of online banking on economic and financial condition of bank in emerging markets. Research Aim: This research aims to determine the implication of online banking in the emerging markets especially in economic and financial terms. Research question: What is the economic and financial implication of the sudden emergence and increase of online banking in emerging markets? Research interest: The banking sector in a developing nation like Nigeria is a very important consideration from the economic and financial perspective. Banking has come a long way through digitalization and automation, however this is one area where the limitation of growth is undefined and there are various areas like the online banking that may add a new horizon to the banking in similar developing economies. Hence, it would be in the interest of the banking to broaden literature on online banking sector which is very limited at the moment. It will enable the practitioners to establish how they can apply the online banking to increase their competitive edge through timely delivery of services and products, hence achieve customer loyalty which may have an impact on the economic condition of the bank and its financials. Literature Review: Area Based: According to Elango Gudep (2006), the extra services or products plays a significant role in high involvement industries such as banking. Mary J. Cronin (1997) highlighted in her research on internet banking, the introduction of a new paperless era in conducting banking transactions. Conversely, research studies in service management have been conducted with regard to service quality in order to establish the factors that influence the customers’ perceptions as well as expectations of service quality and their impact on customer loyalty. Financial service sector and particularly banks are all the same. Banks are directing their efforts towards improving their service and assert that they are customer centric or focused (Kaynak 2003). According to Willis et al., (2001), time-based competition is a competitive strategy which is broad-based and emphasizes on time as the key factor for achieving as well as maintaining a sustainable competitive edge. Its main purpose is to reduce the time required to develop, process, market and deliver products. Choong et al (2001) point out that for organizations to apply time-based competition strategy, they must change their current processes as well as the decision structures they use in designing, producing and delivering to the customer. The banking sector has undergone intense competition as well as change in the customers’ expectations over the last decade (Al-Swidi Mahmod 2011). Attention to quality in banks is justified by the current socio-political changes including globalization through online banking which has resulted in a reversal in the customer habits for banking products and services (Pattanayak Maddulety 2009). Consumers now expect timely delivery, quick response, convenience, and efficiency all at a reasonable price. The changes cause the customers to develop attitudes towards the banks which in turn influence the customers’ assessment of the financial products and services provided and how they are delivered (Pattanayak Maddulety 2009; Saravanan Rao 2006). The beginning of internet banking in the SNFB has made the internet and online banking a new trend in the financial institutions across the planet. Vanniarajan (2007) further adds that there is a significant and positive link between the organizational performance of banks and internal service quality. Some of the key benefits of online banking to the banks themselves are the reduced costs of transactions as there is limited use of both staff and the paper leading to increased profits as per the researcher (Pride et.al, 2008). The usage of online banking has now become a common phenomenon in the developed nations and has paved its way into the emerging economies. This study will review the Introduction of online banking in the emerging economies, Determine their possible implications on the banking transactions in these markets and The possible benefits to banks customers with the increase in usage of this new facility of online banking. Nigeria is a great option to explore, as an emerging economic market, where the online banking is a recent valuable addition. Chiemeke et al. (2006) conducted a study to check the preparedness of the banks in Nigeria to launch the online services and his study revealed that most of the banks were providing information sites and very few transactional facilities were available, however even then the impact on customer retention and loyalty was quite positive. Auta (2010) conducted a quantitative analysis to find of the impact of E-banking through empirical evidence and he agreed that 88% customers of Nigerian banks were highly satisfied with online banking services and recommended the same for better banking experience. Time Series Based: In order to ensure the commercial perspective to the research question is also looked into, the study will also focus on the reviewing the time series based commercial articles using the following books of knowledge. Academic magazines articles. Academic newspaper articles and Peer reviewed or government research results. Research Methodology: Research Philosophy: The research approach which will be adopted by this study is the quasi-experimental approach. This study approach is far superior to the other research approaches such as the action research approach as it promotes the usage of a natural research environment where the events that are researched are not triggered by the researcher. This ensures that any inconsistencies which are usually seen in artificial research environments are eliminated. This approach also fits with the research question since the aim is to review the impact of online banking in a chosen natural research environment (Cohen, Manion Morrison, 2007 and Gill Johnson, 2009). A regular research has to be conducted on application online banking in terms of building customer loyalty yet competition in this sector is very intense due to globalization as well as due to the fact that most of the banks provide similar products and services and have to find alternative ways of competing in order to survive. An exploratory study using a mixed-method approach into this area could provide information that would enable practitioners to effectively direct their resources in building customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention. Research Design: The research study will try to gain different perspectives on the research topic by using multiple research methods. The primary data collection method will be the use of questionnaires as part of a quantitative data collection process. This will ensure that a fast and economic way of data collection process is utilized which also enlists the views of a wide variety of sample population. The sample population will be selected based on non-random sampling to ensure wide sector of audience’s views are gathered (McNabb, 2004, p.150). The secondary research will also be used from the literature review section to review alongside the primary data collected. Research Population and Sampling Techniques: The population used for this study belong from the marketing managers, strategic managers, and operation managers and IT managers of the banks that will be studied as well as customers who use the online banking products and services. The managers will be selected using purposeful sampling so that only those that have the required knowledge and experience relevant to the research questions will be used. This technique is encouraged when one needs a sample that is information rich (Flick et al. 2005). Research Data Collection: The researcher will seek consent from the organizations to be studied and prepare the interviews and the questionnaires. A pilot study will also be conducted to test the effectiveness of the instruments. This is done to ensure that the acquisition of the research skills including sampling to ensure that biasness is limited as well as skill on how to use SPSS to analyze the quantitative data will be successfully done. The surveys will be conducted with the managers and will be captured to facilitate analysis. Furthermore, a survey questionnaire that is open-ended will be used to collect quantitative data from the customers. The answers will be categorized in yes or no answer while others will be based on a four point likert scale with points; (1) signifying highly agree to (4) signifying highly disagree. Curwin Slater (2007) explain that the large sample size used in collecting the quantitative data increase reliability of findings and makes them more generalizable to all banks. Questionnaires are easier to administer, hence, it will facilitate a smooth collection of data from the bank corporate customers. Research Data Analysis: Both primary and secondary data will be used for the study. The data analysis will be conducted using an excel document and various trends will be identified using graphs and percentages. It will then be reviewed to determine specific trends in responses and compared against the academic literature gathered. Any significant discrepancies and similarities will be used to determine the research findings which will further develop the research recommendations. The conclusion chapter will review the researcher’s ability to answer the research aim and provide suitable recommendations to the study. Thematic content analysis is an inductive method of analysis that is applicable to interpretivism as it generates in-depth analyses. This tool codes data based on the emerging meanings, hence, allows quantification as those of the same meaning are grouped as one (Shank 2006). It will enable the researcher to obtain rich analyses that are sufficient in answering the research questions. On the other hand, statistical analysis (both differential and inferential) will applied in analysis of quantitative data. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), computer-assisted software will be used to maintain accuracy. Reflections and Conclusion: Potential Practical and Empirical Obstacles: Practical obstacles are likely to be faced during the data collection process. This includes accessing quality articles and peer reviewed journals. While the University of Leicester provides an e-library, the researcher is required to use the other e-libraries in order to access more articles to obtain sufficient information. This will cause the researcher to use more financial resources. Time constraint may also be an obstacle as the research has to be conducted within a specified period of time. Potential empirical obstacles include limited access to the sample population especially that from which qualitative data will be collected; hence, its validity as some of the respondents might not reveal all the required information for fear of exposing company secrets or more importantly, some companies do not allow their employees to take part in their in-house research studies. Validity and Reliability: Creswell (Creswell 2009, p. 190) states that â€Å"qualitative validity means that the researcher checks for the accuracy of the findings by employing certain procedures. While qualitative reliability indicates that researcher’s approach is consistent across different researchers and different projects†. As stated earlier that multiple sources will be used to collect the data, interviews, Face-to-face (in person interview), and document collections. To insure that the accuracy of the findings I will employ triangulation as a validity strategy, which defined â€Å"rationale for using multiple sources of evidence† (Yin 2009, p. 114). The most important advantage of using multiple sources of evidence is the development of converging lines of inquiry this process of triangulation can be optioned when the findings of the literature study have been supported by more than a single source of evidence. Thus, case studies using multiple sources of evidence were more highly in terms of the overall quality (Yin 2009). Conclusion: The researcher proposes to conduct a quantitative interpretative exploratory study on the relationship between online banking, and economy and financials. The study will use both secondary and primary sources of data as well as a mixed approach for the primary data. This is to ensure that the findings are not only valid and reliable, but generalizable as well. The researcher will seek consent from the organizations to be studied and prepare the interviews and the questionnaires. A pilot study will also be conducted to test the effectiveness of the instruments. This is done to ensure that the acquisition of the research skills including sampling to ensure that biasness is limited as well as skill on how to use SPSS to analyze the quantitative data will be successfully done. REFERENCES Choong, Y. L., Rittisakdanon, N., Zhou, X. 2001. Reengineering for Time-Based Competition: Reducing Time-to-Market by Reengineering. International Journal of Management, 18 (1): 33. Chiemeke, SC, Evwiekpaefe, A Chete, F 2006, The Adoption of Internet Banking in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, vol 11, no. 3, pp. 66-91. Cohen,L.,  Manion,L.,  Morrison,K.R.B. (2007), Research methods in education (6th ed.), Routledge. (p. 282). Cronin, Mary J. (1998) Defining the net impact: the realignment of banking and finance on the web. In: Mary J. Cronin Banking and Finance on the Internet. Canada: Waley Sons, 12–15. Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 3 edn. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Elango, R. Gudep, V. K., 2006. A Comparative Study on the Service Quality and Customers Satisfaction among Private, Public and Foreign banks. The ICFAI Journal of Management, 5 (3):8-19. Gill,J., Johnson, P. (2009), Research Methods for Managers (4th ed.), SAGE Publications Ltd. (p. 242). Kaynak, H. 2003. The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance. Journal of Operations Management, 21: 405-435. Pride, William M., Hughes, Robert J., Kapoor, Jack R. (2008) Using Accounting information, in Cengang LearningBusiness, 10th edn. USA: Nelson Education LTD, 544–5. McNabb, D.E. (2004), Research methods for political science: quantitative and qualitative methods, M.E. Sharpe. (p. 150). Menson Auta, E 2010, E-banking in developing economy: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria, Journal of Applied Quantitative Methods, vol 5, no. 2, pp. 212-231. Vanniarajan, T. 2007. Internal Service Quality and Performance Outcomes in Commercial banks. Global Management Review, 1 (2):22-31. Walsham, G. 2006. Doing interpretive research. European Journal of Information Systems, 15: 320-330 Additional References Mukherjee, A. and Nath, P. (2003), ‘A model of trust in online relationship banking’, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 21 No. 1, p. 5-15. Nandy, D. (2010), Banking Sector Reforms in India and Performance Evaluation of Commercial Banks, Universal-Publishers. Ma ¨ enpa ¨ a ¨ a, Katariina, Kaleb, Sudhir H., Kuuselaa, Hannu and Mesiranta, Nina (2008). Consumer Perceptions of Internet Banking in Finland: The moderating, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15 (4), 266–76. Cronin, M. J. (1997), Banking and finance on the Internet, John Wiley and Sons. Davis, F.D., Bagozzi, R.P. and Warshaw, P.R. (1989) User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models, Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003. Ajzen, I. Fishbein, M., (1980), Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour, Prentice-Hall. Al-Somali, S.A., Gholami, R. and Clegg, B. (2009) An investigation into the acceptance of online banking in SaudiArabia, Technovation, 29(5), 130–141.

Essay about The Ever Increasing International Terrorism...

The deaths of approximately 3,000 people in the suicidal collision of hijacked commercial airliners into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 11 September 2001 was the most destructive terrorist attack recorded in the world history which resulted in untold misery and suffering. This very atrocious act was committed at a time when experts had been defining a new form of international terrorism which states that not even a superpower like America is immune from these attacks as the main objective behind this the mass destruction. Terrorism can be defined as the specific and deliberate use of violence against civilians in order to achieve political aims. The international community today finds itself in unprecedented danger. According†¦show more content†¦True, there were some dangerous terrorist networks operating in the 1970’s and 1980’s. But these networks were not on the same scale as those we face today; they were nothing like as extreme in their ideology. The terrorist of the 70’s and 80’s did not believe that in blowing up innocent civilians, he was doing God’s work; nor did he see terrorism as a holy duty. The modern Islamist terrorist does believe in all taking away the lives of millions of harmless people plus his desire to die in the carrying out of the mission, places him in a category beyond the kind of terrorism that we have witnessed in the past. The end of the Afghan war is the root cause of the emergence of a totally new kind of international terrorism; a terrorism that could draw upon hundreds of thousands of Islamic activists, sharing a common extremist ideology, and common goals. Also, these people were veterans with a decade of fighting experience behind them and s they knew warfare in all its aspects. It is this network of Islamist radicals at now threatens the Western world, as well as the moderate Muslim regimes of the Arab world today. 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I Am A Canvas Of My Life - 2313 Words

Kat Von D, a tattoo artist famous around the world, has been quoted to say- â€Å"I am a canvas of my experiences, my story is etched in lines and shading, and you can read it on my arms, my legs, my shoulders, and my stomach.† She exemplifies the feelings behind tattoos and provides a wonderful illustration into the life of someone with and why they got them. Her beliefs support my opinion that tattoos are a gateway to a person s soul, desires, and motivation in life. How could something so beautiful be banned for anyone, let alone minors, who have more to prove about themselves than anyone else. Because professional tattoos are harmless, expressive, and highly cultural, minors should be able to get them with parental consent. Starting in 306 B.C, tattoos were contested by government and religious figures. People against tattoos for minors argue that they have too many health issues, the young age doesn’t allow them to make proper decisions, and their future could be a ffected negatively by their tattoos, depending on their content. I think otherwise, believing that professional tattoos have little risk for diseases or infection, are symbols for times and people in the minor’s lives and that they showcase creativity and culture. Tattoos weren’t always viewed as an expression of culture or personality. In ancient Rome and Greece, they were used to mark prisoners. People with tattoos were known as lesser beings in most early societies because of those uses. In Japan, theyShow MoreRelatedArt Is A Lie That Makes Us Realize The Truth1457 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth.† –Pablo Picasso What is art? Art is one spilled out onto a canvas or molded into a sculpture. One’s artwork depicts and reflects upon the artist as a physical being and their norms. 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CATS free essay sample

I was aware instantly that I had been changed. My bodywas paralyzed with excitement and my eyes frozen with amazement as I focused onthe objects in front of me. It is rare that an experience so powerfuloccurs at age three, but my path in life was chosen before I could tie my ownshoes. My first jaunt to the theater is something that has affected my views andlife in general profoundly. Even at three I was a fan of performing,albeit only in front of my fireplace. By this time I was a seasoned musicalaficionado, having worn out my Annie videotape. After approximatelythe nine-hundredth viewing of the lovable orphans story, it seemed time for anew show. The theater gods obviously agreed, as they sent the musicalCATS to Boston at just the right time. Dressed in bright whitetights and shiny black shoes, I remember anxiously walking up the crowded stairsto the mezzanine. We will write a custom essay sample on CATS or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As my family and I filed into our first-row seats, I could feelthe excitement building. I recall leaning over the banister so far I nearly fellonto the unsuspecting patrons below. The atmosphere captivated me. I was inlove. The orchestra started playing and the lights dimmed until we sat indarkness. I watched attentively as one by one the cats came out and froze inuncomfortable looking positions. I was utterly amazed at how still they were.When all the actors had assembled on stage, the singing began, and for the nexttwo hours I was in a daze. I marveled over Jenny Anydots and her team oftap-dancing beetles. I oohed and ahhhed at Mungojerrie and Rumpleteazersacrobatic antics, and I thoroughly enjoyed the inventive train the cats madeduring Skimbleshanks. In three-year-old fashion, however, I longedfor Old Deuteronomys ballad to cease, and the more entertaining songs torecommence. As the actors took their bows, I cheered and clapped until thelast cat had left the stage. As the theater became illuminated and people beganto exit, I started to cry. I was entirely willing to stay for the next show, butmy family did not share my enthusiasm. After that there was no turningback. My first instinct was to join the cast of CATS. I would sit infront of my mirror in odd positions for what seemed hours in order to prepare formy stage debut. I outgrew my desire to be a cat, but never my desire to bein that world of cats, ballerinas and make-believe. Now that the curtain iscoming down on Scene One of my life, I can see how important theater has been.That first experience opened my eyes to the reality that this world is made up ofsmaller worlds, including my favorite, the world of theater. I will be forevergrateful to CATS for being my introduction to the arts, and Ianticipate greatness as I search for a room to rent in that world of theater Iknow I am destined to be a part of.